O bis in idem é a dupla punição; a repetição de uma sanção para o mesmo fato.
ne bis in idem; proibição de dupla punição: double jeopardy rule; Double Jeopardy Clause the US Constitution.
6th Amendment, the U.S. Constitution. “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” No processo penal, a quinta emenda garante o direito ao tribunal do júri, proíbe a dupla punição e protege contra a auto-incriminação.
Legal systems in the world generally include restrictions in criminal cases, such as the double jeopardy rule.